Your physician may order an abdominal ultrasound to get a detailed look at the abdominal organs, including the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Although the vascular system is not functionally related to the abdominal organs, the abdominal aorta passes through the abdomen and is considered a part of abdominal imaging.
Ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of abdominal organs and helps to characterize findings as normal or abnormal. It is the first medical diagnostic radiology imaging tool to evaluate the liver, kidney, or pancreas when laboratory tests are abnormal. The imaging test can also assess your clinician's findings on a clinical examination, such as a large abdominal aorta or an enlarged liver.
Abdominal ultrasound helps radiologists assess the health of the organs in the abdomen and can detect various issues and conditions, including:
Liver cysts
Liver hemangiomas
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Hydronephrosis
Kidney masses
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Pancreatic masses
Kidney stones
Gallbladder stones
Spleen calcifications
Fatty liver
Radiologists use ultrasound to examine various masses that can occur on abdominal organs. Most masses of the liver are benign. The most common liver mass is a vascular tangle called a hemangioma. The kidney may contain benign masses like angiomyolipomas or renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The pancreas may harbor small, subtle masses which are difficult to detect clinically. Pancreatic masses may occur in the pancreatic head, where the lesions may produce symptoms, or in the tail, which rarely produces symptoms until later.
Ultrasound is also used as a follow-up test. If a patient is jaundiced or laboratory enzymes are increased, ultrasound can be used to detect gallstones or pancreatitis. Both conditions can show similar symptoms or have similar abnormal laboratory results. If your liver function tests (LFTs) are abnormal, ultrasound can assess if the liver looks anatomically normal, appears inflamed, or contains masses.
Abdominal ultrasound helps us examine the health of many abdominal organs, allowing us to evaluate potential issues and assess if further testing or treatment is recommended.
An Ultrasound of the abdomen may be ordered by your physician to get a detailed look at the abdominal organs, including the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and spleen. Although some gas-filled organs, including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, are considered part of the abdomen anatomically, Abdominal Ultrasound is not optimal to evaluate these organs. The vascular system is not functionally related to the abdominal organs; however, the abdominal aorta passes through the abdomen and is evaluated in Abdominal Ultrasound Imaging.
Ultrasound is ideal for obtaining images of fluid-filled organs. The gallbladder is the only purely fluid-filled organ in the abdomen. Your clinician will frequently order an abdominal ultrasound to get more information on the abdomen's solid organs, including the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and spleen. Some abdominal organs, such as the stomach and small and large bowels, are gas-filled, meaning an ultrasound will not be optimal to evaluate these organs.
Your clinician may only want to evaluate a single functional system within the intra-abdominal cavity. If you have frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or pelvic floor problems, an ultrasound may be limited to the urogenital system, called a renal or kidney and bladder ultrasound. The imaging evaluates the kidneys for masses, calcifications, or ureter obstruction called hydronephrosis.
The bladder is also evaluated, so it needs to be full at the start of the study. Your technologist may scan you first with a filled bladder, then ask you to empty your bladder and scan again. This quantitative evaluation of the bladder before and after emptying your bladder is called a Post Void Residual.
Ultrasound is the first-line imaging scan for detecting a focal enlargement of the abdominal aorta called an aneurysm. Calcification of the abdominal aorta can also be identified as a sign of atherosclerosis.
When a LFT is abnormal, an ultrasound can determine if the liver is inflamed or contains masses. Liver function tests are very sensitive to alcohol use and medications since the liver's primary function is to detoxify. The ultrasound imaging looks different for an enlarged, inflamed liver called hepatitis versus a shrunken liver with long-standing liver disease like cirrhosis.
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